Historical aspects of the development of the institute

The main building, in which the institute currently operates, was built back in 1899. On October 17 of the same year, according to the decision of the school council under the Holy Synod, the Alexander-Mykolaiv three-class church-teachers' school was opened here, the purpose of which was to train teachers for church-parish schools.

The building of the church-teachers' school (1899, from 1918 to 1919 - the church-teachers' seminary) is presented in the photo below.

The building of the church teachers' school (1899, from 1918 to 1919 - the church teachers' seminary)

The school was built on land donated for this purpose by the daughter of a local merchant, M. K. Prokhorov. The Teachers' Council under the Holy Synod allocated 15,000 roubles for the construction of the school, and another 19,200 roubles were taken from the "Y.S. Sudiienko Capital". In 1918, the church teachers' school was reorganized into the Borys Grinchenko Teachers' Seminary with a 4-year course and teaching in the Ukrainian language. However, with the arrival of Denikin in the summer of 1919, all the resolutions of the previous governments were declared invalid. It was precisely in order to preserve the "2nd Poltava Teachers' Seminary", by decision of the Ministry of Education of the UNR it was transferred to the city of Bilyk, Kobelyatsky district, Poltava province, and its premises were transferred to the subordination of the provincial penal department of Gubyust, reorganized in October 1921 into the provincial correctional labor department. The building of the teachers' seminary was later used for service personnel, and later the three-story building of the seminary was transferred to the 1st children's town. The bulk of homeless children were placed here. It was a closed institution, in which the so-called "defective children" were raised, including and from other regions who came to Poltava during the years of war and famine (1923).

In the early 1930s, this institution was reorganized into an orphanage, and later into a 4-year school. Since 1937, the school has become a seven-year school and was located in a two-story building, where there used to be a dormitory for employees of the Research Institute of Pig Breeding (now it is the old building of the 24th secondary school of grades I-III).

On the basis of the scientific research of the pre-war years, in the post-war period, both fundamental and applied works on various problems of the pig breeding industry were continued and laid.

O. V. Kvasnytskyi was the first in the world to surgically obtain piglet transplants in 1950. A little later, he developed and introduced into widespread production practice the technology of the fractional method of artificial insemination of pigs. It was for solving this and other industry problems that in 1966 he was awarded the title of Hero of Socialist Labor with the Order of Lenin and the Golden Star "Hammer and Sickle", and in 1977 he became a laureate of the State Prize of Ukraine.

The institute has a number of important breeding achievements. Thus, in recent decades, scientists of the institute, together with scientists from other scientific and higher educational institutions, as well as breeders of breeding farms, have created and tested:

• Poltava factory type of meat pigs, 1974;

• Poltava meat breed, 1993;

• Ukrainian meat breed, 1993;

• three intrabreed types in the large white breed: UVB-1 (1985); UVB-2, (1994); UVB-3, (1993). • red white-belted breed of meat pigs, 2007. Proposed norms and rations for feeding pigs of different age and production groups, recipes for compound feeds and premixes for them (M.A. Kovalenko, I.S. Tronchuk, M.T. Nozdrin, etc.) Based on many years of research into keeping pigs of different age and production groups, departmental norms for technological design of pig enterprises were developed (V.M. Voloshchuk, I.I. Zabolotny, O.F. Saglo). In the post-war years, the directors of the institute were: N.S.Teleshev (1947-1948), P.I.Mykhalin (1949-1950), M.A.Kovalenko (1956-1962), M.T.Balashov (1962-1970), F.K.Pochernyaev (1970-1987), V.P.Rybalko (1988-2007), A.A.Getya (2007-2011), V.M. Voloshchuk (2011-2021).

Pre-war period

The institute was founded in accordance with the Resolution of the Presidium of the All-Union Academy of Agricultural Sciences named after Lenin (VASGNIL, Moscow) on August 10, 1930 on the basis of the Poltava Zootechnical Research Station of the Ukrainian Institute of Experimental Zootechnics as the All-Union Scientific Research Institute of Pig Breeding with a network of relevant specialized scientific institutions. The Resolution of the Presidium of VASGNIL was adopted in implementation of the order of the People's Commissariat of Agriculture of the USSR No. 156 of July 10, 1930.

From the moment of the institute's organization, the administrative and scientific director was Professor O.P. Bondarenko, and from August 1, 1930, the administrative director was F.P. Denisenko, and the scientific director (deputy director for scientific work) was Professor O.P. Bondarenko. Until 1934, the institute was subordinate to the VASGNIL, and from 1934, on the basis of the Resolution of the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR of July 16, 1934, it was transferred to the subordination of the People's Commissariat of Land and State Farms of the USSR. At the first stage of its activity, the team of scientists of the institute, under the methodological guidance of the talented researcher Professor O.P. Bondarenko, laid the foundation of zootechnical science for the improvement of local non-improved genotypes of pigs. As a result, the Myrhorod breed of pigs was bred and tested (1940), which became one of the regionalized in Ukraine. Sow of the Myrhorod breed of pigs with offspring. O.V. Kvasnytskyi. Here, led by Academician O.V. Kvasnytskyi, fundamental research was carried out on the study of the physiology of digestion in pigs, the results of which became the theoretical basis for the further development of optimal feeding standards. Along with this, problems of reproduction, feed production, feeding and keeping pigs were solved, in particular, significant research on feeding was carried out on the basis of special experiments using an original respiratory chamber. A method of fermenting feed was developed, for which its author, Professor B.G. Levitskyi, was awarded a high government award - the Order of Lenin in 1936.

In those years, a whole galaxy of scientists grew up here who made a significant contribution to the development of domestic pig farming. Among them: academicians O.V. Ovsyannikov, O.V. Kvasnytsky; corresponding members M.O. Simon, S.I. Kutikov, F.K. Pochernyaev; professors O.P. Bondarenko. M.T. Balashov, D.I. Voitko. M.A. Kovalenko, D.Ya. Vasylenko, I.G. Bryushynin; candidates of sciences M.I. Matiets, D.K. Bilogub, A.Kh. Kashchenko, A.I. Vynogradsky, M.A. Topchiy, F.I. Rodenko, I.G. Skoryk, I.L. Borts, O.M. Bakeeva, V.O. Konyukhova, T.S. Zhurzhenko, L.O. Konyukhova and others.

Based on a telegraphic order of the People's Commissariat of July 20, 1941, the All-Union Research Institute of Pig Breeding temporarily suspended its activities and was evacuated to the city of Kurgan. After the liberation of Poltava from occupation by the Resolution of the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR of January 22, 1944, the scientific institution was restored, but already as the Poltava Research Institute of Pig Breeding, although the functional responsibilities of the All-Union Branch Institute remained with it.

In the pre-war years, the directors of the institute were such famous scientists and skillful organizers as O.P. Bondarenko, F.G. Denisenko, S.M. Kovalenko, A.S. Maryanov, I.I. Mikhailov, P.K. Reshetnyk, K.F. Vedenin.

Post-war period

On the basis of the relevant scientific research of the pre-war years, work was continued and laid in the post-war period both fundamental and applied in various problems of the pig industry. O.V. Kvasnytskyi was the first in the world to obtain surgically transplanted piglets in 1950. A little later, he developed and introduced into widespread production practice the technology of the fractional method of artificial insemination of pigs. It was for solving this and other industry problems that in 1966 he was awarded the title of Hero of Socialist Labor with the Order of Lenin and the Gold Star "Hammer and Sickle", and in 1977 he became a laureate of the State Prize of Ukraine.

The institute has a number of important breeding achievements. Thus, in recent decades, scientists of the institute, together with scientists of other scientific and higher educational institutions, as well as breeders of breeding farms, have created and tested: M.A. Kovalenko M.T. Balashov • Poltava factory type of meat pigs, 1974; • Poltava meat breed, 1993; • Ukrainian meat breed, 1993; • three intrabreed types in the large white breed: UVB-1, 1985; UVB-2, 1994; UVB-3, 1993;

• red white-belted breed of meat pigs, 2007.

Proposed norms and rations for feeding pigs of different age and production groups, recipes for compound feeds and premixes for them (M.A. Kovalenko, I.S. Tronchuk, M.T. Nozdrin, etc.). Based on many years of research into keeping pigs of different age and production groups, departmental standards for technological design of pig enterprises were developed (ZNTP - APC 02.053 V.M. Voloshchuk, I.I. Zabolotny, O.F. Saglo). In the post-war years, the directors of the institute were N.S. Teleshev (1947-1948), P.I. Mykhalin (1949-1950), M.A. Kovalenko (1956-1962), M.T. Balashov (1962-1970), F.K. Pochernyaev (1970-1987), V.P. Rybalko (1988-2007), A.A. Getya (2007-2011), Voloshchuk V.M. (2011–2021).

 For scientific developments and the wide implementation of achievements in industry practice, the institute was awarded the Order of the Badge of Honor (1980), and for 4 fundamental and applied developments on the problems of breeding and biotechnology of pig reproduction, the implementation of these achievements in wide production practice in different years (1974, 1985, 1999, 2004), ten scientists of the institute became laureates of the State Prize of Ukraine in the field of science and technology.