|
Abstract
Objective. Monitoring the available gene pool and productivity o f dairy and
dairy-meat cattle in breeding entities o f Ukraine as o f January 1, 2024 to determine the
state o f the industry and bring it out o f a critical state, as well as search for factors that
will serve to improve economically useful traits in heifers and cows o f the Ayrshire and
Ukrainian black-and-white dairy breeds. Methods. Analytical, zootechnical, statistical,
experiment using data from the State Register o f Subjects o f Breeding in Animal
Husbandry for 2023, materials from breeding records, an information database on dairy
cattle management ”Buryonka” in the herd o f the Ayrshire breed o f the State Enterprise
"Dekabristov State Farm o f the Institute o f Pig Breeding and Agro-Industrial Production
o f the NAAS and the results o f our own research, as well as materials from breeding
records o f 7 breeding farms for breeding cattle o f the Ukrainian black-and-white dairy
breed and the electronic information database SUMS ORSEK. The live weight and
growth o f heifers during the growing process, milk productivity and reproductive ability
were studied. The degree o f influence o f genotypic and paratypic factors on the
phenotypic variability ofproductivity traits was assessed by means o f one-factor analysis
o f variance. Results. Monitoring o f the state o f the dairy cattle breeding industry showed
the presence o f 321 breeding subjects in Ukraine, where cattle o f 11 breeds o f domestic
and foreign origin were exploited for milk production. The leaders in terms o f milk yield
for the first and third lactation are Holstein cows. The age o f cows at first insemination
varied within 365-662 days, positively highlighting the Holstein breed. The improvement
o f the live weight o f Ayrshire heifers during rearing is consistent with the technology o f
rearing animals at an early age, the bull, the father o f the offspring, the lineage and
methods o f selecting parental pairs, and the milk productivity o f cows is consistent with
the methods o f selecting parental pairs, as confirmed by the degree o f influence o f
genotypic and paratypic factors on the phenotypic variability o f productivity traits. In
heifers o f the Ukrainian black-and-white dairy breed, which were raised under
progressive and traditional milk production technology, the increase in live weight gains
during rearing will be facilitated by such genotypic factors as the lineage o f animals and
their paternal origin. At the same time, the conditional bloodline o f the Holstein breed
had a low (0.3-2.5 %) and insignificant effect on the growth rate o f heifers.
Conclusions. Monitoring o f the dairy industry in subjects o f tribal affairs as of
01.01. 2024 indicates that from most existing breeds, including domestic ones, which
were created using the best global gene pool, higher productivity can be obtained, but at
the same time, milk production technology should be taken into account, which is
considered to be almost the most important factor, certainly after selection. To improve
the economically useful characteristics o f cattle o f the Ayrshire and Ukrainian blackand-white dairy breeds, it is necessary to identify factors o f a genotypic and paratypic
nature and select animals taking them into account.
Key words: cattle, dairy breeds, gene pool, productivity, genotypic and paratypic
factors, phenotypic variability, strength o f influence.
|
|
REFERENCES
- 1. Kovalchuk, I., Slusar, M., & Kovalchuk, I. (2019). Analiz molochnoho skotarstva
Ukrainy, yak perspektyvnoho sektora ekonomiky [Analysis of the state of dairy cattle
breeding in Ukraine, as a promising sector of the economy]. Visnyk Sumskoho
natsionalnoho aharnoho universytetu. Seriia «Tvarynnytstvo» [Bulletin o f Sumy National
Agrarian University. The Series: Livestock], 4(39), 63-67 [in Ukrainian].
- 2. Gladiy, M. V., Porhun, M. G., Kruglyak, O. V., Martynyuk, I. S.,
Chornoostrovets, N. M., & Kulakova, M. B. (2021). Ekonomichni zasady prybutkovoho
vykorystannia henetychnykh resursiv molochnoho skotarstva Ukrainy [Economic
principles of profitable use dairy genetic resources in Ukraine]. Rozvedennia i henetyka
tvaryn [Animal Breeding and Genetics], 62, 31-36. doi: 10.31073/abg.62.06 [in
Ukrainian].
- 3. Pochukalin, A. Y., Pryima, S. V., & Romanova, O. V. (2024). Selektsiini
dosiahnennia Ukrainy (mynule, suchasne): porody, typy i linii silskohospodarskykh tvaryn.
[Breeding achievements of Ukraine (past, present): breeds, types and lines of agricultural
animals]. Rozvedennia i henetyka tvaryn [Animal Breeding and Genetics], 67, 140-163.
doi: 10.31073/abg.67.14 [in Ukrainian].
- 4. Bashchenko, M. I. (ed.) (2017). Tvarynnytstvo Ukrainy : stan, problemy, shliakhy
rozvytku (1991-2017-2030 rr) [Livestock production in Ukraine: state, problems, ways of
development (1991-2017-2030)]. Kyiv: Ahrarna nauka [in Ukrainian].
- 5. Hladii, M., Polupan, Yu., Rieznykova, N., & Pryima, S. (2018). Henetychni
resursy molochnoho i m ’iasnoho skotarstva v Ukraini [Genetic resources of dairy and beef
cattle breeding in Ukraine]. Tvarynnytstvo Ukrainy, 9-10, 14-20 [in Ukrainian].
- 6. Vyshnevskyi, L. V., Voitenko, S. L., & Sydorenko, O. V. (2019). Hospodarsky
korysni oznaky velykoi rohatoi khudoby molochnykh porid v stadakh doslidnykh
hospodarstv merezhi NAAN [Economically useful signs of dairy breeds cattle in herds of
research farms of the network of the National Academy of Agricultural Sciences of
Ukraine]. Rozvedennia i henetyka tvaryn [Animal Breeding and Genetics], 57, 29-37.
doi: 10.31073/abg.57.04 [in Ukrainian].
- 7. Voitenko, S. L., Porkhun, M. G., Sydorenko, O. V., & Ilnytska, T. Y. (2019).
Henetychni resursy silskohospodarskykh tvaryn Ukrainy pochatku tretoho tysiacholittia
[Genetic resources of agricultural animals of Ukraine at the beginning of the third
millennium]. Rozvedennia i henetyka tvaryn [Animal Breeding and Genetics], 58, 110
119. doi: 10.31073/abg.58.15 [in Ukrainian].
- 8. Baschenko, M. I., Gladiy, M. V., Melnyk, J. F., Jefimenko, M. J., Kruhliak, A. P.,
Polupan, Y. P., Vyshnevskiy, L. V. ... & Priyma, S. V. (2017). Stan i perspektyvy rozvytku
molochnoho skotarstva Ukrainy [State and perspectives divelopmen of dairy cattle of the
Ukraine]. Rozvedennia i henetyka tvaryn [Animal Breeding and Genetics], 54, 6-14. doi:
10.31073/abg.54.01 [in Ukrainian].
- 9. ICAR (2024). Yearly survey on the situation of Milk Recording Systems (Years
2022 and 2023) in ICAR member countries for cow, sheep and goats, 24. Retrieved from
https://www.icar.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/Survey-on-milk-recording-systems-incows-sheep-and-goats-2022-and-2023.pdf (date of accesses: 30.10.24).
10. VanRaden, P. M., Tooker, M. E., Cole, J. B., Wiggans, G. R., & Megonigal,
Jr. J. H. (2007). Genetic evaluations for mixed-breed populations. J. Dairy Sci., 90(5),
2434-2441. doi: 10.3168/jds.2006
- 11. Bashchenko, M., Boyko, О., Gonchar, О., & Sotnichenko, Yu. (2020). Vplyv
henotypovykh i paratypovykh faktoriv na produktyvnist molochnoi khudoby [Influence of
genotypical and paratypical factors on the productivity of dairy cattle]. Visnyk ahrarnoi
nauky [Bulletin of Agricultural Science], 3, 55-60. doi: 10.31073/agrovisnyk202003-08
[in Ukrainian].
- 12. Shpetnyi, M. B., Zabolotna, V. K., & Hryshyn, S. Y. (2021). Molochna
produktyvnist ta vidtvoriuvalna zdatnist koriv zalezhno vid henetychnykh ta paratypovykh
chynnykiv [Milk productivity and reproductive ability of cows, depending on the genetic
and paratypic factors]. Biuleten Sumskoho natsionalnoho ahrarnoho universytetu. Seriia
"Tvarynnytstvo" [Bulletin of Sumy National Agrarian University. The Series: Livestock],
4(47), 33-42. doi: 10.32845/bsnau.lvst.2021.4.6 [in Ukrainian].
- 13. Voitenko, S. L., Sydorenko, O. V., Korol, P. V., & Babush, S. I. (2023). Vplyv
liniinoi nalezhnosti na molochnu produktyvnist koriv vitchyznianykh porid z riznoiu
spadkovistiu za holshtynskoiu porodoiu [Influence of lineage on the milk productivity of
cows of domestic breeds with different heritage of the holstein breed]. Rozvedennia i
henetyka tvaryn [Animal Breeding and Genetics], 66, 40-51. doi: 10.31073/abg.66.04 [in
Ukrainian].
- 14. Krugliak, T. O., & Krugliak, A. P. (2023). Molochna produktyvnist koriv
ukrainskoi cherono-riaboi molochnoi porody zalezhno vid pokhodzhennia ta
poiednuvanosti plidnykiv [Milk productivity of cows of the ukrainian red-and-white dairy
breed depends on the origin and compatibility of the bulls]. Rozvedennia i henetyka tvaryn
[Animal Breeding and Genetics], 66, 70-78. doi: 10.31073/abg.66.07 [in Ukrainian].
- 15. Liubynskyi, O. I. (2023). Osoblyvosti rostu telyts riznykh linii bukovynskoho
zavodskoho typu ukrainskoi chervono-riaboi molochnoi porody. [Characteristics of the
growth of heiffs of different lines of the bukoviny factory type of the ukrainian red-and
white dairy breed]. Rozvedennia i henetyka tvaryn [Animal Breeding and Genetics], 66,
86-94. doi: 10.31073/abg.66.09 [in Ukrainian].
- 16. Polupan, Yu. P. (2000). Otsinka buhaiv za typom dochok [Evaluation of bulls
by type of daughter]. Visnyk ahrarnoi nauky [Bulletin of Agricultural Science], 5, 45-49
[in Ukrainian].
- 17. Ferents, L. V., Fedorovych, L. I., & Siratskyi, Y. Z. (2005). Vplyv buhaiv
riznykh linii na rist i rozvytok telychok ukrainskoi chorno-riaboi molochnoi porody
[The influence of bulls of different lines on the growth and development of heifers of the
Ukrainian Black-and-White dairy breed]. Rozvedennia i henetyka tvaryn [Animal Breeding
and Genetics], 38. 193-196 [in Ukrainian].
- 18. Voitenko, S. L., & Sydorenko, O. V. (2020). Otsinka buhaiv holshtynskoi porody
za molochnoiu produktyvnistiu yikh dochok [Estimation of holstein breed bulls by dairy
productivity of their daughters]. Rozvedennia i henetyka tvaryn [Animal Breeding and
Genetics], 59, 26-34. doi: 10.31073/abg.59.03 [in Ukrainian].
- 19. Gladiy, M. V., Kovalenko, G. S., Priyma, S. V., Holyosa, G. A., Tuchyk, A. V.,
Marchuk, L. V., Otsabryk, V. P., & Lolya, B. B. (2016). Porivnialna kharakterystyka
molochnoi produktyvnosti koriv ukrainskykh chervono-riaboi, chorno-riaboi molochnykh
ta holshtynskoi porid u DPDH «Oleksandrivske» [Comparative description of milk
productivity of cows ukrainian red-and-white dairy cattle and ukrainian black-and-white
dairy cattle and holstein breeds in serf «Oleksandrivske»]. Rozvedennia i henetyka tvaryn
[Animal Breeding and Genetics], 52, 6-12. doi: 10.31073/abg.52.01 [in Ukrainian].
- 20. Kramarenko, S. S., Luhovyi, S. I., Lykhach, A. V., & Kramarenko, O. S. (2019).
Analiz biometrychnykh danykh u rozvedenni ta selektsii tvaryn [Analysis of biometric data
in animal breeding and selection]. Mykolaiv: МNАU [in Ukrainian].
- 21. LeBlanc, S. (2007). Economics of improving reproductive performance in dairy
herds. Advanced Dairy Technology, 19, 201-214.
- 22. Kuziv, M. I., & Fedorovych, Ye. I. (2016). Vidtvoriuvalna zdatnist koriv
ukrainskoi chorno-riaboi molochnoi porody [Reproductive capacity of Ukrainian Blackand-White dairy cows]. Naukovyi visnyk Lvivskoho natsionalnoho universytetu
veterynarnoi medytsyny ta biotekhnolohii imeni S. Z. Hzhytskoho [Scientific Messenger of
Lviv National University of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnologies. Series: Agricultural
Sciences], 18(2(67), 120-123 [in Ukrainian].
- 23. Stavetska, R. V. (2012). Vplyv tryvalosti servis-periodu na produktyvni ta inshi
pokaznyky vidtvornoi zdatnosti koriv [Influence of the service period duration on
productive and other indicators of cows' reproductive capacity]. Zbirnyk naukovykhprats
Vinnytskoho natsionalnoho ahrarnoho universytetu. Seriia «Silskohospodarski nauky»
[Collection of scientific papers of Vinnytsia National Agrarian University. Series
‘Agricultural Sciences’], 4(62), 106-111 [in Ukrainian].
- 24. Barth, A. D., Brito, L. F. C., & Kastelic, J. P. (2008). The effect of nutrition on
sexual development of bulls. Theriogenology, 70(3), 485-494.
- 25. Machulnyi, V. V., Pokryshchuk, S. M., & Sorokin, A. O. (2017). Otsinka
molochnoi produktyvnosti ta vidtvornoi zdatnosti koriv-pervistok ukrainskoi chorno-riaboi
ta chervono-riaboi molochnykh porid v zalezhnosti vid selektsiinoho napriamku
holshtynskoi porody [Evaluation of milk productivity and reproductive capacity of firstcalf cows of Ukrainian Black-and-White and Red-and-White dairy breeds depending on
the breeding direction of the Holstein breed]. Rozvedennia i henetyka tvaryn [Animal
Breeding and Genetics], 54,178-183 [in Ukrainian].
- 26. Rudyk, I. A., & Oleshko, V. P. (2011). Riven vidtvornoi zdatnosti koriv yak faktor
formuvannia vysokoproduktyvnykh stad molochnoi khudoby [The level of reproductive
capacity of cows as a factor in the formation of highly productive dairy cattle herds].
Naukovyi visnyk Natsionalnoho Universytetu Bioresursiv ta Pryrodokorystuvannia
Ukrainy [Scientific journals of NULES of Ukraine]. Kyiv, 160(1), 34-41 [in Ukrainian].
- 27. Voitenko, S., Sydorenko, O., Shaferivskyi, B., & Petrenko, M. (2023).
Vidtvoriuvalna zdatnist koriv, zumovlena henotypovymy chynnykamy [Reproductive
capacity of cows caused by genotypic factors]. Scientific Progress & Innovations, 26(4),
91-98 doi: 10.31210/spi2023.26.04.16 [in Ukrainian].
- 28. Lytovchenko, A. M., Mykytiuk, D. M., Bilous, O. V., Kudriavska, N. V.,
Shpak, L. V., Burkat, V. P., Yefimenko, M. Ya., ... Hordin, A. F. (2004). Instruktsiia z
bonituvannia velykoi rohatoi khudoby molochnykh i molochno-miasnykh porid;
Instruktsiia z vedennia pleminnoho obliku v molochnomu i molochno-miasnomu
skotarstvi [Instruction on boning of cattle of dairy and dairy-meat breeds; Instruction on
keeping pedigree records in dairy and dairy-meat cattle breeding]. Kyiv: PPNV [in
Ukrainian].
- 29. Zahner, M., Schrader, L., Hauser, R., Keck, M., Langhans, W., & Wechsler, B.
(2004). The influence of climatic conditions on physiological and behavioural parameters
in dairy cows kept in open stables. Animal Sci., 78(1), 139-147. doi:
10.1017/S1357729800053923
- 30. Borshch, O. O., Ruban, S. Yu., & Borshch, O. V. (2021). The influence of
genotypic and phenotypic factors on the comfort and welfare rates of cows during the period
of global climate changes. Agraarteadus. J. of Agricultural Sci., 1, 25-34.
doi: 10.15159/jas.21.12
|
