Українська версія | English version
THE INTERDEPARTMENTAL SUBJECT SCIENTIFIC DIGEST PIG BREEDING

and agroindustrial production

TECHNOLOGIES OF THE PRODUCTION OF ORGANIC PORK (review)


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UDC: 636.4.083

DOI: 10.37143/2786-7730-2023-1(79)04

REFERENCIS АРА style: Zasukha, L. V., Ivanov, V. O., Onyshchenko, A. O., Fomichenko, M. O., Maslov, V. I., & Petulko, P. V. (2023). Tekhnolohii vyrobnytstva orhanichnoi svynyny [Technologies of the production of organic pork]. Svynarstvo i ahropromyslove vyrobnytstvo [Pig Breeding and Agroindustrial Production]. Poltava, 1(79), 54-67 [in Ukrainian]. doi: 10.37143/2786-7730-2023-1(79)04

L. V. Zasukha, doctoral student, lab. innovative technologies and experimental livestock facilities
ORCID:https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7481-1242
E-mail:ludmila10031985@gmail.com
Institute of Pig Breeding and agroindustrial production NAAS, Shvedska Mohyla Str., 1, Poltava, Ukraine, 36013
V. O. Ivanov,doctor of agricultural sciences, leading researcher, laboratories, innovative technologies and experimental livestock facilities
ORCID:https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8653-7092
E-mail:vl-iva9008@ukr.net
Institute of Pig Breeding and agroindustrial production NAAS, Shvedska Mohyla Str., 1, Poltava, Ukraine, 36013
A. O. Onyshchenko, candidate of agricultural sciences, senior researcher, acting head of the laboratory of environmental safety in animal husbandry
ORCID:https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0684-1201
E-mail:geroi76@ukr.net
Institute of Pig Breeding and agroindustrial production NAAS, Shvedska Mohyla Str., 1, Poltava, Ukraine, 36013
M. O. Fomichenko getter
ORCID:https://orcid.org/0009-0006-3750-5821
E-mail:richsoil.ua@gmail.com
Institute of Pig Breeding and agroindustrial production NAAS, Shvedska Mohyla Str., 1, Poltava, Ukraine, 36013
P. V. Petulko postgraduate
ORCID:https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7614-165X
E-mail:petulkopv@gmail.com
Institute of Pig Breeding and agroindustrial production NAAS, Shvedska Mohyla Str., 1, Poltava, Ukraine, 36013

Abstract

Goal. To summarize the domestic and world experience of the organic pork production technology. Methods. General scientific methods (classification, typology) were used, a structural-systemic approach was applied, as well as a source analysis and synthesis. The results. The production of organic pork takes place according to three systems: open, closed and mixed ones. The open system of organic pork production involves housing animals year-round in light-type houses. Under such a system, animals have constant access to green fodder, turf, insects, and worms, they show better natural behavior, which overall has a positive effect on their health and well-being. The mixed system of organic pork production involves housing suckling sows in premises equipped with farrowing machines, followed by their transfer with piglets to light-type houses on pasture and feeding with concentrated, green and coarse fodder (straw, hay). In the cold period, the fattening young pigs are housed in a light-type premise, where the front side is covered with a metal mesh, and in the warm period, they are transferred to the houses on the pasture. A review of literature sources on pork production in organic pig farming highlighted a number of problematic issues that need to be resolved. Thus, the open and combined systems of organic pig breeding in Ukraine today, as a result of the epidemiological situation that arose as a result of cases of African plague, practically cannot be used, although there are prerequisites for their further development and they are waiting for the lifting of quarantine restrictions. The closed system of organic pork production, which involves housing animals year-round in premises on straw bedding with walking areas and feeding them with concentrated and partly rough forage (straw, hay), has much greater possibilities compared to open and combined systems. But it does not provide animals with green fodder and does not protect animals from infectious disease agents such as zoophilous flies, ticks, and birds. In addition, a closed system does not address the deep utilization and recycling of pig waste products. Therefore, there is a need to improve the closed system by expanding its functionality. In our opinion, a closed system should provide deep processing of pig waste products, their recycling and energy-saving, waste-free production of organic pork. Conclusions. The open system of organic pig breeding is practically impossible to use, although there are prerequisites for their further development when quarantine restrictions are lifted. The combined system of organic pig breeding makes it possible to obtain high productivity and quality products. With such a system, better preservation of suckling piglets is achieved, but it also does not ensure the biosecurity of animals. The closed system of organic pork production today has significantly greater opportunities compared to open and combined systems. But it does not provide animals with green fodder and does not protect animals from infectious disease agents such as zoophilous flies, ticks, and birds. In addition, the closed system does not solve the deep utilization and recycling of pig waste products.

Key words: organic pig breeding, pigs, open system, closed system, mixed system, pork production.

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