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Abstract
Pigs of the Vietnamese breed, which were imported from Vietnam to the
countries of Eastern Europe and Canada, have a high percentage of muscle mass, so
the improvement of this breed is currently ongoing and active breeding work is being
conducted in many countries, in particular in Ukraine. These animals are precocious,
have high immunity, sows have high milk productivity, well-developed maternal instinct.
These animals belong to the bacon line of the production. The body is wide, stout, the
chest is wide. Up to 50 % roughage can be included in the fattening ration (taking into
account the breed specifics of the digestive system). This breed adapts well to both hot
and humid climates. In Ukraine, this breed appeared thanks to the Transcarpathian
entrepreneur M. N. Popovych In 2004, the Vietnamese breed of pigs conquered all the
western and central regions of Ukraine, and in 2005, young animals began to be sold in
the eastern regions of Ukraine. Two breeds called Vietnamese are grown on the
territory of Ukraine: actually Vietnamese and Korean. These breeds have differences in
phenotype. Aim. Solving the question of the origin of the Vietnamese breed of pigs in
Ukraine by using mtDNA polymorphism. Methods. To identify the origin of the genome
of the Vietnamese breed of pigs, the method of determining the mitochondrial DNA is
used, which allows to study the origin of the ancestral maternal form and thus to solve
its origin. The methods used for the study involved the use of mitochondrial DNA
polymorphism in the maternal line of the Vietnamese pig population in Ukraine. For the
study, blood samples were taken from 4 boars and 6 gilts of the Vietnamese breed in a
private farm in the village Takhtaulove, Poltava district. DNA isolation was performed
using Chelex 100 ion exchange resin. DNA amplification was performed using Thermo
Fisher Scientific reagents according to the manufacturer's conditions. The results. A
study of 29 aboriginal Chinese, European breeds and subspecies of wild boar identified
a distinct difference in the mtDNA of Asian and European pig breeds. Phylogenetic
studies of relationships among domestic Euro-American, Asian breeds and wild boar
populations also revealed a clear division of mitochondrial haplotypes into Asian and
European ones. Using this approach, it is possible to determine 10 European and 8
Asian mitochondrial haplotypes. Conclusions. Mitochondrial haplotypes A and C
belonging to the European group have been identified among Vietnamese pigs. A
contribution to the creation of the Ukrainian population of Vietnamese pigs may have
been made by sows of the Durok, Mangalitsa or Hampshire breeds.
Key words: pigs, Vietnamese breed, polymorphism, mitochondrial DNA,
haplotypes, phenotypic difference, origin, genome, population, genetic variability.
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