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Y. O. Budakva,graduate student, laboratories. genetics
ORCID:https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5941-1953
E-mail:budakvayelyzaveta@gmail.com
Institute of Pig Breeding and agroindustrial production NAAS, Shvedska Mohyla Str., 1, Poltava, Ukraine, 36013
K. F. Pochernyaev, Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Deputy Director of Research, Production and Finance
activity
ORCID:https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9973-6429
E-mail:k.f.pochernyaev@gmail.com
Institute of Pig Breeding and agroindustrial production NAAS, Shvedska Mohyla Str., 1, Poltava, Ukraine, 36013
S. V. Lobchenko, candidate of agricultural sciences, head of the reproductive physiology laboratory
ORCID:https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9469-6202
E-mail:svitlife@ukr.net
Institute of Pig Breeding and agroindustrial production NAAS, Shvedska Mohyla Str., 1, Poltava, Ukraine, 36013
T. M. Borzhak N. with. lab scientific research on intellectual property and innovation marketing,
ORCID:https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2836-627X
E-mail:tania96753@gmail.com
Institute of Pig Breeding and agroindustrial production NAAS, Shvedska Mohyla Str., 1, Poltava, Ukraine, 36013
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Abstract
The aim. The study was conducted to characterize the genetic diversity of hybrid
pigs (Large White×Landrace)×Maxgro in Ukraine. Method. DNA isolation was
performed from bristle samples using Chelex-100 ion exchange resin and epithelial
tissue from the ear of pigs by the sorbent method. The results. The results of DNA
typing of hybrid pigs (Large White×Landrace)×Maxgro from LLC "Hlobynskyi
Svynocomplex" are presented. Using PCR-RFLP analysis of the polymorphism of the
D-loop section, 7 mitochondrial haplotypes were determined – N, C, O, G, D, E, K. In
the studied sample of pigs (n=50), the concentration of haplotypes as a percentage is
determined. It was found that mitochondrial haplotypes C (24 %) were found to be
characteristic of Landrace pigs, Hampshire, Wales, a wild pig (Ukraine, Poland,
France); haplotype O (12%) – inherent in a wild pig and Landrace breed (Sweden);
haplotype G (12 %) – peculiar to Wales breed, a wild pig (Italy, France); haplotype N
(28%) is characteristic of the Large White breed of pigs, representatives are carriers of
the Asian type. It is worth noting that the Asian haplotype N is characteristic of the
Asian wild pig and Berkshire breed. The presented data on the hybridization of
mitochondrial genomes of Asian and European origin are the basis for the creation of
modern lines of hybrid pigs along the maternal line. Haplotype N refers to haplogroup
A(D), and haplotypes C, O, G belong to haplogroup E. It is completely uncertain that
haplotypes D (10 %), E (6 %), K (8 %) belong to haplogroup A(D). According to the
results obtained, haplogroup E in hybrid pigs is dominant, however, it is haplogroup A
that is the predecessor of haplogroup E. We assume opinions that pigs of the Large
White breed with haplotype N, D, E, K – contain aboriginal genetic resources. Pigs
with haplotype D, E, K – are the result of hybridization with European wild boars. Over
time, this led to the almost complete disappearance of the primary Middle Eastern
ancestors in the nuclear genomes of European domesticated pigs. The speculation that
traditional seasonal cattle breeding, annual long-distance migrations that have
occurred in the past, and commercial trade in nucleuses explain the observatory pattern
of favorable gene flow among hybrid pigs. Conclusions. The results obtained during the
study of the mitochondrial genome of hybrid pigs improved the understanding of
matrilineal origin and phylogeographic model of distribution of genetic diversity of
cross-border pig breeds (Large White×Landrace)×Maxgro in Ukraine. We came to the
conclusion that natural selection acts very weakly on the single nucleotide
polymorphism that led to the formation of the haplogroup of cross-border breeds of pigs
that are found today. The obtained results of the study are evidence that European pig
breeds consist of pigs with Asian and non-Asian mitochondria, some of which were
formed from closely related maternal ancestors. The work was carried out with the
support of the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine 31.01.00.07.F. "To
study the pleiotropic effect of genes whose SNPs are used in markerassociated selection
of pigs." SR No. 0121U109838.
Key words: hybrid pigs, (Large White×Landrace)×Maxgro, mtDNA, D-loop,
haplotype, haplogroup, PCR-PDRF.
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