ЗАБРУДНЕННЯ МІКОТОКСИНАМИ В СИСТЕМАХ АКВАКУЛЬТУРИ: ДЖЕРЕЛА, ТОКСИКОЛОГІЧНІ ЕФЕКТИ ТА НАСЛІДКИ ДЛЯ БЕЗПЕКИ ХАРЧОВИХ ПРОДУКТІВ


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УДК: UDC 639.3:615.9:632.952:577.1

DOI: 10.37143/2786-7730-2026-7(85)9

БІБЛІОГРАФІЯ за ДСТУ: Yachna M., Kurhaluk N., Tkaczenko H. Mycotoxin Contamination in Aquaculture Systems: Sources, Toxicological Effects and Implications for Food Safety. Свинарство і агропромислове виробництво : міжвідом. темат. наук. зб. / Ін-т свинарства і АПВ НААН. Полтава, 2026. Вип. 7(85). С. 107–135. https://doi.org/10.37143/2786-7730-2026-7(85)9

М. Ячна,Старший викладач кафедри біології та здоров'я людини, Національний університет «Чернігівський колегіум» імені Т.Г. Шевченка, Україна
ORCID:https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4587-525X
E-mail:m_yachna@ukr.net
Національний університет “Чернігівський колегіум” імені Т.Г. Шевченка, Чернігів, Україна

ROR: https://ror.org/024ykzk09


Г. М. Ткаченко Доктор біологічних наук, професор, віце-директор Інституту біології, Інститут біології, Поморський університет у Слупську, Слупськ, Польща
ORCID:https//orcid.org/0000-0003-3951-9005
E-mail:: halina.tkaczenko@upsl.edu.pl
Інститут біології Поморського університету в Слупську вул. Арцишевського 22Б, м. Слупськ, Польща 76-200

ROR: https://ror.org/00h8nar58

Н. М. КургалюкДоктор біологічних наук, професор, Інститут біології, Інститут біології, Поморський університет у Слупську, Слупськ, Польща
ORCID:https//orcid.org/0000-0002-4669-1092
E-mail:natalia.kurhaluk@upsl.edu.pl
Інститут біології Поморського університету в Слупську вул. Арцишевського 22Б, м. Слупськ, Польща 76-200

ROR: https://ror.org/00h8nar58

Рукопис надійшов/ 22.03.2026

Після рецензування/ 13.05.2026

Прийнято до друку/ 22.06.2026

Доступно онлайн/ 30.06.2026

Анотація

Анотація. Мікотоксини – це токсичні вторинні метаболіти, що продукуються мікроскопічними (пліснявими) грибами та часто контамінують рослинні компоненти кормів, які використовуються в аквакультурі. Постійна заміна рибного борошна та риб’ячого жиру зерновими й олійними культурами підвищує ризик хронічного впливу на рибу множинних мікотоксинів. Цей огляд має на меті надати стислий аналіз проблеми контамінації мікотоксинами в системах аквакультури. У роботі узагальнено дані щодо поширення, шляхів надходження, токсикокінетики та біологічних ефектів основних регульованих мікотоксинів, таких як афлатоксин B1, дезоксиніваленол, зеараленон, фумонізини та охратоксин A, а також нових сполук, зокрема боверицину, енніатинів і токсинів роду Alternaria. Хоча фактори довкілля та технологічні процеси також можуть сприяти контамінації, корм визначено як основне джерело забруднення. Мікотоксини характеризуються обмеженим транспортуванням у тканини риб, при цьому печінка є основним місцем їх накопичення та біотрансформації; водночас рівень залишків у м’язах залишається відносно низьким, але все ще важливим з точки зору безпеки харчових продуктів. Токсичні ефекти мають багатофакторний характер і включають оксидативний стрес, апоптоз, порушення імунної регуляції, ендокринні порушення та метаболічні розлади. Зростає кількість доказів, що підкреслюють важливість комбінованого впливу, за якого адитивні або синергічні взаємодії можуть посилювати токсичність. Дослідження нових і модифікованих («маскованих») мікотоксинів залишається недостатнім, особливо в умовах in vivo, що ускладнює оцінку ризику. Висновки: Покращення моніторингу, глибше розуміння комбінованої токсичності та гармонізація нормативних обмежень є необхідними. Розробка ефективних стратегій мінімізації ризиків є ключовою для забезпечення сталого розвитку аквакультури та безпеки харчових продуктів, особливо в умовах зростаючої залежності від рослинних кормів.

Ключові слова: мікотоксини; аквакультура; здоров’я риб; оксидативний стрес; кумуляція в тканинах; харчова безпека; токсичність сумішей; оцінка ризику

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